(BMJ)—A 78-yo woman w/ hx of hypertension and type 2 DM was treated w/ amoxicillin/clavulanate + ofloxacin otic for R ear pain, w/o improvement. Three days later, she presented to the ED w/ facial droop and eye pain. Exam: conjunctival hyperemia; R facial nerve palsy; otherwise normal neurological exam; vesicular rash on R ear. What is the dx?
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Acoustic neuroma
Bell palsy
Stroke
Malignant otitis externa
You are correct. The presence of ear pain w/ vesicular rash and facial paralysis is consistent w/ Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS), a rare complication of the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion. It can also occur w/ ipsilateral palate alteration; tongue lesions; hearing impairment (deafness, tinnitus, hyperacusis); lacrimation; and vertigo. Compared w/ pts w/ Bell palsy, pts w/ RHS often have more severe paralysis at the onset and are less likely to recover completely. An acoustic neuroma can cause facial palsy but is more likely in pts who report hearing loss or tinnitus or have an unsteady gait. Forehead involvement distinguishes peripheral facial palsy from central causes.

Emergency Medicine Journal 2019;36:665-683.