Highlights & Basics
- Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) accounts for 3 million deaths annually worldwide.
- Caused by chronic heavy alcohol ingestion. About 40-80 g/day in men and 20-40 g/day in women for 10-12 years is sufficient to cause liver damage in the absence of other liver diseases.
- Clinical presentations are highly variable. There is no specific laboratory test to identify alcohol as a cause of liver damage. Liver biopsy, in the context of a history of alcohol misuse, is diagnostic but is not absolutely indicated in all patients.
- Alcohol abstinence is the first line of treatment, with periodic liver enzyme tests to monitor ongoing liver damage. Abstinence is also the key to prevention of ARLD.
- Complications include esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding, ascites, coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver cancer.
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