Cryptosporidiosis - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by the Apicomplexan protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium.
Laboratory diagnosis is required, usually by detection of oocysts, antigens, or DNA in stool samples.
Presents as watery diarrhea, often with severe abdominal pain, commonly lasting >7 days.
The disease is self-limited in immunocompetent patients.
Patients who are severely immunocompromised may suffer chronic, severe, and intractable disease. Most at risk are those with T-cell immune deficiencies, notably advanced HIV infection, or primary T-cell immune deficiencies, and those with hematologic malignancies, particularly children.

Acid-fast-stained Cryptosporidium oocysts

From the Cryptosporidium Reference Unit collection; used with permission

Quick Reference

History & Exam
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Acid-fast-stained Cryptosporidium oocysts
Auramine-phenol-stained Cryptosporidium oocysts
Direct-immunofluorescent-stained Cryptosporidium oocysts

Citations

Key Articles

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases - cryptosporidiosis. May 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):1963-73.[Abstract][Full Text]
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Children with and Exposed to HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Cryptosporidiosis. 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: cryptosporidiosis. 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Other Online Resources

CDC: laboratory identification of parasitic diseases of public health concern - cryptosporidiosis
CDC: cryptosporidiosis - prevention & control

Referenced Articles

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