Community-acquired pneumonia - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is typically characterized by a new lung infiltrate on chest x-ray, together with one or more of the following: fever, chills, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, myalgia, arthralgia, pleuritic pain.
Order a chest x-ray in all patients with suspected CAP who are admitted to hospital to confirm or exclude diagnosis.
Order sputum and blood cultures in all hospitalized patients treated empirically for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as in patients with severe CAP.
Use a validated clinical prediction rule for prognosis (e.g., Pneumonia Severity Index), along with clinical judgment, to determine whether the patient should be treated as an inpatient or outpatient.
Treat with empiric antibiotics. Broader-spectrum regimens are required in patients with comorbidities. Add antibiotic cover for MRSA and P aeruginosa if locally validated risk factors for either pathogen are present.

Posterior-anterior chest radiograph showing right upper lobe consolidation in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia

Durrington HJ, et al. Recent changes in the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. BMJ 2008 Jun 21;336(7658):1429-33.

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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

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Images

Posterior-anterior chest radiograph showing right upper lobe consolidation in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia

Citations

Key Articles

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

CDC: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations

Referenced Articles

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