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26. Tanamas S, Hanna FS, Cicuttini FM, et al. Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr 15;61(4):459-67.[Abstract][Full Text]

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35. Sohn DH, Sokolove J, Sharpe O, et al. Plasma proteins present in osteoarthritic synovial fluid can stimulate cytokine production via Toll-like receptor 4. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Jan 8;14(1):R7.[Abstract][Full Text]

36. Li T, Chubinskaya S, Esposito A, et al. TGF-beta type 2 receptor-mediated modulation of the IL-36 family can be therapeutically targeted in osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2019 May 8;11(491):eaan2585.[Abstract][Full Text]

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38. Lee YH, Song GG. Association between IL-17 gene polymorphisms and circulating IL-17 levels in osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol. 2020 Jun;79(5):482-90.[Abstract]

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44. Van Pevenage PM, Birchmier JT, June RK. Utilizing metabolomics to identify potential biomarkers and perturbed metabolic pathways in osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2023 Apr;59:152163.[Abstract][Full Text]

45. Zheng L, Zhang Z, Sheng P, et al. The role of metabolism in chondrocyte dysfunction and the progression of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Mar;66:101249.[Abstract][Full Text]

46. Lee YH, Song GG. Circulating leptin level in osteoarthritis and associations between leptin receptor polymorphisms and disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2023 Jul;26(7):1305-13.[Abstract]

47. Chen B, Ning K, Sun ML, et al. Regulation and therapy, the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in OA: a systematic review. Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Apr 3;21(1):67.[Abstract][Full Text]

48. Sharma L, Song J, Felson DT, et al. The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in knee osteoarthritis. JAMA. 2001;286:188-195.[Abstract]

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51. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, et al. Risk factors for incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Apr;40(4):728-33.[Abstract][Full Text]

52. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Naimark A, et al. Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:18-24.[Abstract]

53. Francomano CA, Liberfarb RM, Hirose T, et al. The Stickler syndrome: evidence for close linkage to the structural gene for type II collagen. Genomics. 1987;1:293-6.[Abstract]

54. Kannu P, Bateman JF, Randle S, et al. Premature arthritis is a distinct type II collagen phenotype. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 May;62(5):1421-30.[Abstract][Full Text]

55. Kannu P, Bateman J, Savarirayan R. Clinical phenotypes associated with type II collagen mutations. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):E38-43.[Abstract]

56. Zhang W, Doherty M, Leeb BF, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis: report of a task force of ESCISIT. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jan;68(1):8-17.[Abstract][Full Text]

57. Casartelli NC, Maffiuletti NA, Valenzuela PL, et al. Is hip morphology a risk factor for developing hip osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2021 Sep;29(9):1252-64.[Abstract][Full Text]

58. Cooper C. Occupational activity and the risk of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1995;22(Suppl 43):10-12.[Abstract]

59. Maetzel A, Makela M, Hawker G, et al. Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee and mechanical occupational exposure - a systematic overview of the evidence. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1599-1607.[Abstract]

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61. Croft P, Cooper C, Wickham C, et al. Osteoarthritis of the hip and occupational activity. Scand J Work Env Health. 1992;18:59-63.[Abstract]

62. Driban JB, Hootman JM, Sitler MR, et al. Is participation in certain sports associated with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. J Athl Train. 2017 Jun 2;52(6):497-506.[Abstract][Full Text]

63. Whittaker JL, Losciale JM, Juhl CB, et al. Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis after traumatic knee injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies for the OPTIKNEE Consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Dec;56(24):1406-21.[Abstract][Full Text]

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65. Hannan MT, Anderson JJ, Zhang Y, et al. Bone mineral density and knee osteoarthritis in elderly men and women. The Framingham Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36:1671-1680.[Abstract]

66. Bergink AP, Rivadeneira F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, et al. Are bone mineral density and fractures related to the incidence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and hand in elderly men and women? The Rotterdam study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;71(3):361-9.[Abstract]

67. Hartley A, Hardcastle SA, Frysz M, et al. Increased development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in individuals with high bone mass: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021 Jan 6;23(1):4.[Abstract][Full Text]

68. Whittaker JL, Culvenor AG, Juhl CB, et al. OPTIKNEE 2022: consensus recommendations to optimise knee health after traumatic knee injury to prevent osteoarthritis. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Dec;56(24):1393-405.[Abstract][Full Text]

69. Brandt KD, Mazzuca SA, Katz BP, et al. Effects of doxycycline on progression of osteoarthritis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2015-2025.[Abstract]

70. da Costa BR, Nüesch E, Reichenbach S, et al. Doxycycline for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;(11):CD007323.[Abstract]

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75. Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1601-1610.[Abstract]

76. Peat G, Duncan RC, Wood LR, et al. Clinical features of symptomatic patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Mar 14;14(2):R63.[Abstract][Full Text]

77. Sakellariou G, Conaghan PG, Zhang W, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the clinical management of peripheral joint osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Sep;76(9):1484-94.[Abstract][Full Text]

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79. Fox MG, Chang EY, Amini B, et al; Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging. ACR appropriateness criteria®: chronic knee pain. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 Nov;15(11s):S302-12.[Abstract][Full Text]

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83. Foong YC, Khan HI, Blizzard L, et al. The clinical significance, natural history and predictors of bone marrow lesion change over eight years. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jul 14;16(4):R149.[Abstract][Full Text]

84. Felson DT, McLaughlin S, Goggins J, et al. Bone marrow edema and its relation to progression to knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:330-336.[Abstract]

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88. Zhang W, Robertson J, Jones AC, et al. The placebo effect and its determinants in osteoarthritis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1716-23. [Abstract]

89. ​Previtali D, Merli G, Di Laura Frattura G, et al. The long-lasting effects of "placebo injections" in knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Cartilage. 2021 Dec;13(suppl 1):185S-96S.[Abstract][Full Text]

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91. Bricca A, Juhl CB, Steultjens M, et al. Impact of exercise on articular cartilage in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2019 Aug;53(15):940-7.[Abstract][Full Text]

92. Gohir SA, Eek F, Kelly A, et al. Effectiveness of internet-based exercises aimed at treating knee osteoarthritis: the iBEAT-OA randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e210012.[Abstract][Full Text]

93. Dong R, Wu Y, Xu S, et al. Is aquatic exercise more effective than land-based exercise for knee osteoarthritis? Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec;97(52):e13823.[Abstract][Full Text]

94. Goff AJ, De Oliveira Silva D, Merolli M, et al. Patient education improves pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis with better effects when combined with exercise therapy: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2021 Jul;67(3):177-89.[Abstract][Full Text]

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96. Hu L, Wang Y, Liu X, et al. Tai Chi exercise can ameliorate physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2021 Jan;35(1):64-79.[Abstract][Full Text]

97. Pitsillides A, Stasinopoulos D, Giannakou K. The effects of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered by physical therapists in knee osteoarthritis pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jan;25:157-64.[Abstract]

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99. Jansen MJ, Viechtbauer W, Lenssen AF, et al. Strength training alone, exercise therapy alone, and exercise therapy with passive manual mobilisation each reduce pain and disability in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2011;57:11-20.[Abstract]

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101. Anwer S, Alghadir A, Zafar H, et al. Effects of orthopaedic manual therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2018 Sep;104(3):264-76.[Abstract]

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103. Fransen M, McConnell S, Hernandez-Molina G, et al. Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD007912.[Abstract][Full Text]

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105. Fransen M, McConnell S, Hernandez-Molina G, et al. Does land-based exercise reduce pain and disability associated with hip osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18:613-620.[Abstract]

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107. Thomas DT, R S, Prabhakar AJ, et al. Hip abductor strengthening in patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Jun 29;23(1):622.[Abstract][Full Text]

108. Messier SP, Mihalko SL, Legault C, et al. Effects of intensive diet and exercise on knee joint loads, inflammation, and clinical outcomes among overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: the IDEA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:1263-1273.[Abstract][Full Text]

109. Christensen R, Henriksen M, Leeds AR, et al. Effect of weight maintenance on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in obese patients: a twelve-month randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67:640-650.[Abstract][Full Text]

110. Hislop AC, Collins NJ, Tucker K, et al. Does adding hip exercises to quadriceps exercises result in superior outcomes in pain, function and quality of life for people with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Mar;54(5):263-71.[Abstract][Full Text]

111. Raghava Neelapala YV, Bhagat M, Shah P. Hip muscle strengthening for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of literature. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2020 Apr/Jun;43(2):89-98.[Abstract][Full Text]

112. Jurado-Castro JM, Muñoz-López M, Ledesma AS, et al. Effectiveness of exercise in patients with overweight or obesity suffering from knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 24;19(17):10510.[Abstract][Full Text]

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116. Parkes MJ, Maricar N, Lunt M, et al. Lateral wedge insoles as a conservative treatment for pain in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;310:722-730.[Abstract][Full Text]

117. Yu L, Wang Y, Yang J, et al. Effects of orthopedic insoles on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2021 May 18;53(5):jrm00191.[Abstract][Full Text]

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120. Duivenvoorden T, Brouwer RW, van Raaij TM, et al. Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD004020.[Abstract][Full Text]

121. Moyer RF, Birmingham TB, Bryant DM, et al. Valgus bracing for knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67:493-501.[Abstract]

122. Gohal C, Shanmugaraj A, Tate P, et al. Effectiveness of valgus offloading knee braces in the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Sports Health. 2018 Nov/Dec;10(6):500-14.[Abstract]

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126. Callaghan MJ, Parkes MJ, Hutchinson CE, et al. A randomised trial of a brace for patellofemoral osteoarthritis targeting knee pain and bone marrow lesions. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1164-70.[Abstract][Full Text]

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129. Honvo G, Reginster JY, Rabenda V, et al. Safety of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis: outcomes of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 Apr;36(suppl 1):65-99.[Abstract][Full Text]

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133. Ogata T, Ideno Y, Akai M, et al. Effects of glucosamine in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Sep;37(9):2479-87.[Abstract][Full Text]

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