Opioid use disorder - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Opioid use disorder is a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Heroin and prescription opioid misuse is a major health concern.
From a diagnostic perspective, it is imperative that the physician understands the criteria for opioid use disorder.
Comorbid medical and psychiatric illnesses, as well as other substance use disorders, should be assessed.
Physicians should be aware of methods for screening and detection of opioid use in clinical settings.
Evidence-based treatments include detoxification, maintenance therapy with a relapse prevention medication, and psychosocial treatment.

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Needle marks and bruising at injection sites in a patient with opioid use disorder

Citations

Key Articles

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems (ICD). 11th revision. Jan 2022 [Internet publication].[Full Text]
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Federal guidelines for opioid treatment programs. Mar 2015 [internet publication].[Full Text]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Drug misuse in over 16s: opioid detoxification. Jul 2007 (reaffirmed 2019) [internet publication].[Full Text]
Gowing L, Ali R, White JM, et al. Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 21;2(2):CD002025.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

National Institute on Drug Abuse: commonly used drugs chart
Addiction Severity Index
CAGE-AID questionnaire
Narcotics Anonymous

Referenced Articles

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