Highlights & Basics
- Postpartum depression may present with symptoms of depressed mood, anhedonia, weight changes, sleep disturbance, psychomotor problems, low energy, excessive guilt, loss of confidence or self-esteem, poor concentration, or suicidal ideation.
- Recognition and effective treatment is vital; untreated postpartum depression causes substantial impairment for the woman, and may also result in impaired behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes for the baby.
- Exclude postpartum psychosis and bipolar disorder in all patients.
- Treatment is with psychological therapy and/or medication. Antidepressants are recommended for more severe episodes if the woman declines psychological therapy or if psychological therapy is either ineffective or unavailable.
- Psychiatric referral may be necessary for patients who do not respond to treatment. Urgent psychiatric assessment is warranted if there is a risk of self-harm or harm to the child at any time, or if a postpartum psychosis, or manic or mixed episode, is suspected.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG clinical practice guideline no. 4: screening and diagnosis of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum. Jun 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance. Feb 2020 [internet publication].[Full Text]
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG clinical practice guideline no. 5: treatment and management of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum. Jun 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Dennis CL, Dowswell T. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28;(2):CD001134.[Abstract][Full Text]
- BMJ Best Practice podcast: postnatal depression
- Massachusetts Department of Mental Health: MCPAP for Moms
- Everymind: Life in Mind initiative (Australia)
- Organization of Teratology Information Specialists: MotherToBaby
- US National Library of Medicine: toxicology data network - drugs and lactation database
- UK Teratology Information Service
- Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine: Clinical Protocol #35: Supporting Breastfeeding During Maternal or Child Hospitalization
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