Premature newborn care

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4. Manuck TA. Racial and ethnic differences in preterm birth: a complex, multifactorial problem. Semin Perinatol. 2017 Dec;41(8):511-8.[Abstract][Full Text]

5. Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jan;7(1):e37-46.[Abstract][Full Text]

6. Ohuma EO, Moller AB, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2023 Oct 7;402(10409):1261-71.[Abstract][Full Text]

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14. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG obstetric care consensus no. 11: pregnancy at age 35 years or older. Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2022 [internet publication].[Abstract][Full Text]

15. Posthumus AG, Birnie E, van Veen MJ, et al. An antenatal prediction model for adverse birth outcomes in an urban population: the contribution of medical and non-medical risks. Midwifery. 2016 Jul;38:78-86.[Abstract]

16. Schimmel MS, Bromiker R, Hammerman C, et al. The effects of maternal age and parity on maternal and neonatal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015 Apr;291(4):793-8.[Abstract]

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18. Fuchs F, Monet B, Ducruet T, et al. Effect of maternal age on the risk of preterm birth: a large cohort study. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 31;13(1):e0191002.[Abstract][Full Text]

19. Cakmak Celik F, Aygun C, Kucukoduk S, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in advanced maternal age: a retrospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Oct;30(20):2452-6.[Abstract]

20. Iams JD, Romero R, Culhane JF, et al. Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008 Jan 12;371(9607):164-75.[Abstract]

21. Smith VD, Devane D, Begley CM, et al. A systematic review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of randomised trials of interventions for preventing and treating preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repr Biol. 2009 Jan;142(1):3-11.[Abstract]

22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pregnancy and HIV, viral hepatitis, STD, & TB prevention. Jun 2020 [internet publication]. [Full Text]

23. Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, et al. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(7):CD004947.[Abstract][Full Text]

24. US Preventive Services Task Force., Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant persons to prevent preterm delivery: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1286-92.[Abstract][Full Text]

25. Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 6;6:CD008991.[Abstract][Full Text]

26. Lamont RF, Jørgensen JS. Safety and efficacy of tocolytics for the treatment of spontaneous preterm labour. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(5):577-92.[Abstract]

27. Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Papatsonis DN, et al. Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 5;(6):CD002255.[Abstract][Full Text]

28. Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD001058.[Abstract][Full Text]

29. American Heart Association. AHA guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 5: neonatal resuscitation. 2020 [internet publication].[Full Text]

30. Yamada NK, Szyld E, Strand ML, et al. 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics focused update on neonatal resuscitation: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2024 Jan 2;149(1):e157-66.[Abstract][Full Text]

31. Macaulay S, Buchmann EJ, Dunger DB, et al. Reliability and validity of last menstrual period for gestational age estimation in a low-to-middle-income setting. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019 Jan;45(1):217-25.[Abstract]

32. Ballard JL, Khoury JC, Wedig K, et al. New Ballard Score, expanded to include extremely premature infants. J Pediatr. 1991 Sep;119(3):417-23.[Abstract]

33. Glass HC, Costarino AT, Stayer SA, et al. Outcomes for extremely premature infants. Anesth Analg. 2015 Jun;120(6):1337-51.[Abstract][Full Text]

34. Honest H, Forbes CA, Duree KH, et al. Screening to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: systematic reviews of accuracy and effectiveness literature with economic modelling. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Sep;13(43):1-627.[Abstract]

35. Lasswell SM, Barfield WD, Rochat RW, et al. Perinatal regionalization for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010 Sep 1;304(9):992-1000.[Abstract]

36. Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, et al. 2023 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations: summary from the basic life support; advanced life support; pediatric life support; neonatal life support; education, implementation, and teams; and first aid task forces. Circulation. 2023 Dec 12;148(24):e187-280.[Abstract][Full Text]

37. Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, et al. 2021 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations: summary from the basic life support; advanced life support; neonatal life support; education, implementation, and teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group. Resuscitation. 2021 Dec;169:229-311.[Abstract][Full Text]

38. Rabe H, Gyte GM, Díaz-Rossello JL, et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 17;(9):CD003248.[Abstract][Full Text]

39. Andersson O, Lindquist B, Lindgren M, et al. Effect of delayed cord clamping on neurodevelopment at 4 years of age: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Jul;169(7):631-8.[Abstract]

40. Mercer JS, Vohr BR, Erickson-Owens DA, et al. Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus immediate cord clamping. J Perinatol. 2010 Jan;30(1):11-6.[Abstract][Full Text]

41. Robledo KP, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Rieger I, et al. Effects of delayed versus immediate umbilical cord clamping in reducing death or major disability at 2 years corrected age among very preterm infants (APTS): a multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Mar;6(3):150-7.[Abstract]

42. Miller JD, Carlo WA. Pulmonary complications of mechanical ventilation in neonates. Clin Perinatol. 2008 Mar;35(1):273-81.[Abstract]

43. Qureshi MJ, Kumar M. Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 15;(3):CD003314.[Abstract][Full Text]

44. Sharma D. Golden hour of neonatal life: need of the hour. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2017 Sep 19;3:16.[Abstract][Full Text]

45. Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn. 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008.

46. Ryan M, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Mohammad K. Neuroprotection from acute brain injury in preterm infants. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Jul;24(4):276-90.[Abstract]

47. Miller SS, Lee HC, Gould JB. Hypothermia in very low birth weight infants: distribution, risk factors and outcomes. J Perinatol. 2011 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S49-56.[Abstract]

48. McCall EM, Alderdice F, Halliday HL, et al. Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 12;(2):CD004210.[Abstract][Full Text]

49. Abdul Aziz AN, Thomas S, Murthy P, et al. Early inotropes use is associated with higher risk of death and/or severe brain injury in extremely premature infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jan 22:1-8.[Abstract]

50. Chau V, Poskitt KJ, McFadden DE, et al. Effect of chorioamnionitis on brain development and injury in premature newborns. Ann Neurol. 2009 Aug;66(2):155-64.[Abstract]

51. St Peter D, Gandy C, Hoffman SB. Hypotension and adverse outcomes in prematurity: comparing definitions. Neonatology. 2017;111(3):228-33.[Abstract]

52. Martens SE, Rijken M, Stoelhorst GM, et al. Is hypotension a major risk factor for neurological morbidity at term age in very preterm infants? Early Hum Dev. 2003 Dec;75(1-2):79-89.[Abstract]

53. Singh R, Gorstein SV, Bednarek F, et al. A predictive model for SIVH risk in preterm infants and targeted indomethacin therapy for prevention. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2539.[Abstract][Full Text]

54. Kaiser JR. Both extremes of arterial carbon dioxide pressure and the magnitude of fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide pressure are associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2007 May;119(5):1039.[Abstract]

55. Liao SL, Lai SH, Chou YH, et al. Effect of hypocapnia in the first three days of life on the subsequent development of periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2001 Mar-Apr;42(2):90-3.[Abstract]

56. Klingenberg C, Wheeler KI, McCallion N, et al. Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 17;(10):CD003666.[Abstract][Full Text]

57. Romantsik O, Calevo MG, Bruschettini M. Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 7;7:CD012362.[Abstract][Full Text]

58. Conde-Agudelo A, Díaz-Rossello JL. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 23;(8):CD002771.[Abstract][Full Text]

59. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant. Nov 2022 [internet publication].[Abstract][Full Text]

60. O'Brien K, Robson K, Bracht M, et al; FICare Study Group and FICare Parent Advisory Board. Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Apr;2(4):245-54.[Abstract]

61. Eichenwald EC; Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2018 Jul;142(1):e20181061.[Abstract][Full Text]

62. Guillet R, Stoll BJ, Cotten CM, et al; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Association of H2-blocker therapy and higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):e137-42.[Abstract][Full Text]

63. Terrin G, Passariello A, De Curtis M, et al. Ranitidine is associated with infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, and fatal outcome in newborns. Pediatrics. 2012 Jan;129(1):e40-5.[Abstract][Full Text]

64. Slaughter JL, Stenger MR, Reagan PB, et al. Neonatal histamine-2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor treatment at United States children's hospitals. J Pediatr. 2016 Jul;174:63-70.e3.[Abstract][Full Text]

65. Malcolm WF, Gantz M, Martin RJ, et al; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Use of medications for gastroesophageal reflux at discharge among extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2008 Jan;121(1):22-7.[Abstract]

66. Green DS, Abdel-Latif ME, Jones LJ, et al. Pharmacological interventions for prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 2;7:CD011785.[Abstract][Full Text]

67. Lefebvre F, Glorieux J, St-Laurent-Gagnon T. Neonatal survival and disability rate at age 18 months for infants born between 23 and 28 weeks of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Mar;174(3):833-8.[Abstract][Full Text]

68. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Specialist neonatal respiratory care for babies born preterm. Apr 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]

69. Ancora G, Lago P, Garetti E, et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines on analgesia and sedation in newborn infants undergoing assisted ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Acta Paediatr. 2019 Feb;108(2):208-17.[Abstract]

70. Peng W, Zhu H, Shi H, et al. Volume-targeted ventilation is more suitable than pressure-limited ventilation for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Mar;99(2):F158-65.[Abstract][Full Text]

71. Finer NN, Carlo WA, Walsh MC, et al; SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Early CPAP versus surfactant in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2010 May 27;362(21):1970-9.[Abstract][Full Text]

72. Subramaniam P, Ho JJ, Davis PG. Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Oct 18;10(10):CD001243.[Abstract][Full Text]

73. Ho JJ, Subramaniam P, Davis PG. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 15;10(10):CD002271.[Abstract][Full Text]

74. Ho JJ, Subramaniam P, Sivakaanthan A, et al. Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 15;10(10):CD002975.[Abstract][Full Text]

75. Bamat N, Fierro J, Mukerji A, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 30;11(11):CD012778.[Abstract][Full Text]

76. Askie LM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Ko H. Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD001077.[Abstract][Full Text]

77. Askie LM, Darlow BA, Davis PG, et al. Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 11;(4):CD011190.[Abstract][Full Text]

78. Stenson BJ, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Darlow BA, et al; BOOST II United Kingdom Collaborative Group; BOOST II Australia Collaborative Group; BOOST II New Zealand Collaborative Group. Oxygen saturation and outcomes in preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2013 May 30;368(22):2094-104.[Abstract][Full Text]

79. Soll R, Özek E. Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD001079.[Abstract][Full Text]

80. Pfister RH, Soll R, Wiswell TE. Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD006180.[Abstract][Full Text]

81. Isayama T, Iwami H, McDonald S, et al. Association of noninvasive ventilation strategies with mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Aug 9;316(6):611-24.[Abstract][Full Text]

82. Abdel-Latif ME, Davis PG, Wheeler KI, et al. Surfactant therapy via thin catheter in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 10;5:CD011672.[Abstract][Full Text]

83. Ng EH, Shah V. Guidelines for surfactant replacement therapy in neonates. Paediatr Child Health. 2021 Feb;26(1):35-49.[Abstract][Full Text]

84. Davis PG, Schmidt B, Roberts RS, et al. Caffeine for apnea of prematurity trial: benefits may vary in subgroups. J Pediatr. 2010 Mar;156(3):382-7.[Abstract]

85. Bruschettini M, Brattström P, Russo C, et al. Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Apr 11;4(4):CD013873.[Abstract][Full Text]

86. Knobel RB, Wimmer JE Jr, Holbert D. Heat loss prevention for preterm infants in the delivery room. J Perinatol. 2005 May;25(5):304-8.[Abstract]

87. de Almeida MF, Guinsburg R, Sancho GA, et al; Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. Hypothermia and early neonatal mortality in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2014 Feb;164(2):271-5.e1.[Abstract]

88. Sinclair JC. Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002 Jan 21;(1):CD001074.[Abstract][Full Text]

89. Stanley CA, Baker L. The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 15;340(15):1200-1.[Abstract]

90. Hermansen MC, Hermansen MG. Pitfalls in neonatal resuscitation. Clin Perinatol. 2005 Mar;32(1):77-95.[Abstract]

91. Salhab WA, Wyckoff MH, Laptook AR, et al. Initial hypoglycemia and neonatal brain injury in term infants with severe fetal acidemia. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug;114(2):361-6.[Abstract]

92. Sullivan S, Schanler RJ, Kim JH, et al. An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products. J Pediatr. 2010 Apr;156(4):562-7.e1.[Abstract]

93. Arslanoglu S, Ziegler EE, Moro GE; World Association of Perinatal Medicine Working Group On Nutrition. Donor human milk in preterm infant feeding: evidence and recommendations. J Perinat Med. 2010 Jul;38(4):347-51.[Abstract]

94. Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Ziegler EE; WAPM Working Group On Nutrition. Optimization of human milk fortification for preterm infants: new concepts and recommendations. J Perinat Med. 2010 May;38(3):233-8.[Abstract]

95. Cristofalo EA, Schanler RJ, Blanco CL, et al. Randomized trial of exclusive human milk versus preterm formula diets in extremely premature infants. J Pediatr. 2013 Dec;163(6):1592-5.e1.[Abstract]

96. Tran H, Nguyen T, Mathisen R. The use of human donor milk. BMJ 2020;371:m4243.[Full Text]

97. Pound C, Unger S, Blair B. Pasteurized and unpasteurized donor human milk. Paediatr Child Health. 2020 Dec 16;25(8):549-50.[Abstract][Full Text]

98. Gao C, Miller J, Collins CT, et al. Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;11:CD007090.[Abstract][Full Text]

99. Abiramalatha T, Thomas N, Thanigainathan S. High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 9;3:CD012413.[Abstract][Full Text]

100. Fabrizio V, Trzaski JM, Brownell EA, et al. Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 23;11:CD013465.[Abstract][Full Text]

101. Staub E, Evers K, Askie LM. Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 12;3:CD012797.[Abstract][Full Text]

102. Shah PS, Shah VS. Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD002772.[Abstract][Full Text]

103. Goldsmith JP, Keels E. Recognition and management of cardiovascular insufficiency in the very low birth weight newborn. Pediatrics. 2022 Mar 1;149(3):e2021056051.[Abstract][Full Text]

104. Osborn DA, Evans NJ. Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Apr 19;(2):CD002055.[Abstract][Full Text]

105. Dempsey EM, Barrington KJ. Treating hypotension in the preterm infant: when and with what: a critical and systematic review. J Perinatol. 2007 Aug;27(8):469-78.[Abstract]

106. Subhedar NV, Shaw NJ. Dopamine versus dobutamine for hypotensive preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD001242.[Abstract][Full Text]

107. Seri I. Management of hypotension and low systemic blood flow in the very low birth weight neonate during the first postnatal week. J Perinatol. 2006 May;26 Suppl 1:S8-13.[Abstract]

108. Brooks PA, Penny DJ. Management of the sick neonate with suspected heart disease. Early Hum Dev. 2008 Mar;84(3):155-9.[Abstract]

109. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Mar 2024 [internet publication].[Full Text]

110. Boyle EM, Johnson S, Manktelow B, et al. Neonatal outcomes and delivery of care for infants born late preterm or moderately preterm: a prospective population-based study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 Nov;100(6):F479-85.[Abstract][Full Text]

111. Limperopoulos C, Gauvreau KK, O'Leary H, et al. Cerebral hemodynamic changes during intensive care of preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):e1006-13.[Abstract][Full Text]

112. Korang SK, Safi S, Nava C, et al. Antibiotic regimens for early-onset neonatal sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 17;5:CD013837.[Abstract][Full Text]

113. Puopolo KM, Benitz WE, Zaoutis TE, et al. Management of neonates born at ≤34 6/7 weeks' gestation with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6):e20182896.[Abstract][Full Text]

114. Puopolo KM, Benitz WE, Zaoutis TE, et al. Management of nonates born at ≥35 0/7 weeks' gestation with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6):e20182894.[Abstract][Full Text]

115. Anderson N, Narvey M. Discharge planning of the preterm infant. Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Mar 4;27(2):129-30.[Full Text]

116. Wight NE; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM clinical protocol #1: guidelines for glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in term and late preterm neonates, revised 2021. Breastfeed Med. 2021 May;16(5):353-65.[Abstract][Full Text]

117. Canadian Paediatric Society. Screening guidelines for newborns at risk for low blood glucose. Nov 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]

118. Canadian Paediatric Society. Guidelines for detection, management and prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm newborn infants (35 or more weeks' gestation). Jun 2007 [internet publication].[Full Text]

119. Dagklis T, Sen C, Tsakiridis I, et al. The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation. J Perinat Med. 2022 Mar 11;50(4):375-85.[Abstract][Full Text]

120. Patel RM. Short- and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants. Am J Perinatol. 2016 Feb;33(3):318-28.[Abstract]

121. Moster D, Lie RT, Markestad T. Long-term medical and social consequences of preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):262-73.[Abstract][Full Text]

122. Damkjaer M, Loane M, Urhøj SK, et al. Preterm birth and prescriptions for cardiovascular, antiseizure, antibiotics and antiasthmatic medication in children up to 10 years of age: a population-based data linkage cohort study across six European regions. BMJ Open. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):e061746.[Abstract][Full Text]

123. McGoldrick E, Stewart F, Parker R, et al. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 25;12:CD004454.[Abstract][Full Text]

124. Bahadue FL, Soll R. Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11:CD001456.[Abstract][Full Text]

125. Engle WA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Surfactant-replacement therapy for respiratory distress in the preterm and term neonate. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):419-32.[Abstract][Full Text]

126. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2002 Aug;110(2 Pt 1):285-91.[Abstract]

127. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Higgins RD, et al. Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002-2003. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Jul;24(7):635-9.[Abstract]

128. Adams-Chapman I, Stoll BJ. Neonatal infection and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in the preterm infant. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;19(3):290-7.[Abstract]

129. Aher S, Malwatkar K, Kadam S. Neonatal anemia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008 Aug;13(4):239-47.[Abstract]

130. Rose SR, Wassner AJ, Wintergerst KA, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism: screening and management. Pediatrics. 2023 Jan 1;151(1):e2022060419.[Abstract][Full Text]

131. Aher SM, Ohlsson A. Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 11;2(2):CD004865.[Abstract][Full Text]

132. Whyte R, Kirpalani H. Low versus high haemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;(11):CD000512.[Abstract]

133. Casey PH. Growth of low birth weight preterm children. Semin Perinatol. 2008 Feb;32(1):20-7.[Abstract]

134. Chawla D, Thukral A, Agarwal R, et al. Parenteral nutrition. Indian J Pediatr. 2008 Apr;75(4):377-83.[Abstract]

135. Kemper AR, Newman TB, Slaughter JL, et al. Clinical practice guideline revision: management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2022 Sep 1;150(3):e2022058859.[Full Text]

136. Govindshenoy M, Spencer N. Abuse of the disabled child: a systematic review of population-based studies. Child Care Health Dev. 2007 Sep;33(5):552-8.[Abstract]

137. Saigal S, Doyle LW. An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):261-9.[Abstract]

138. Baraldi E, Filippone M. Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 8;357(19):1946-55.[Abstract]

139. Gilfillan M, Bhandari A, Bhandari V. Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. BMJ. 2021 Oct 20;375:n1974.[Abstract][Full Text]

140. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2112-21.[Abstract][Full Text]

141. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, et al. Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 8;357(19):1893-902.[Abstract][Full Text]

142. Bassler D, Shinwell E, Hallman M, et al; Neonatal European Study of Inhaled Steroids Trial Group. Long-term effects of inhaled budesonide for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 11;378(2):148-57.[Abstract]

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