Highlights & Basics
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the development of a blood clot within a vein deep to the muscular tissue planes. DVT most commonly affects the legs, but can also affect the arms, and other sites in the body. DVT can embolize, most commonly in the form of pulmonary embolism (PE) to the lungs, which can be life-threatening.
- Patients who develop DVT commonly have thromboembolic risk factors, such as cancer, trauma, major surgery, hospitalization, immobilization, pregnancy, or oral contraceptive use. DVT may also be unprovoked (idiopathic) and occur in the absence of any identifiable extrinsic risk factors.
- DVTs commonly cause asymmetric leg swelling, unilateral leg pain, dilation or distension of superficial veins, and red or discolored skin, but can also be asymptomatic.
- Assessment of pretest probability (using a validated score such as Wells score) is key if DVT is suspected, and should be used in combination with an algorithmic diagnostic approach to avoid unnecessary imaging when the likelihood of DVT is low.
- Diagnosis requires confirmation of a blood clot in a deep vein in the leg, pelvis, or vena cava by venous duplex ultrasound imaging or computed tomography scan.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
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Definition
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Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: compendium and review of CHEST guidelines 2012-2021. Chest. 2024 Aug;166(2):388-404.[Abstract][Full Text]
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