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49. Alabraba E, Psarelli E, Meakin K, et al. The role of ultrasound in the management of patients with occult groin hernias. Int J Surg. 2014;12(9):918-22.[Abstract][Full Text]

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51. Robinson A, Light D, Kasim A, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of radiology in the diagnosis of occult inguinal hernia. Surg Endosc. 2013 Jan;27(1):11-8.[Abstract]

52. Miller J, Cho J, Michael MJ, et al. Role of imaging in the diagnosis of occult hernias. JAMA Surg. 2014 Oct;149(10):1077-80.[Abstract][Full Text]

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54. Fitzgibbons RJ Jr, Giobbie-Hurder A, Gibbs JO, et al. Watchful waiting vs repair of inguinal hernia in minimally symptomatic men: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2006 Jan 18;295(3):285-92.[Abstract][Full Text]

55. Mizrahi H, Parker MC. Management of asymptomatic inguinal hernia: a systematic review of the evidence. Arch Surg. 2012 Mar;147(3):277-81.[Abstract]

56. Fitzgibbons RJ Jr, Ramanan B, Arya S, et al. Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial of a nonoperative strategy (watchful waiting) for men with minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias. Ann Surg. 2013 Sep;258(3):508-15.[Abstract]

57. Chung L, Norrie J, O'Dwyer PJ. Long-term follow-up of patients with a painless inguinal hernia from a randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg. 2011 Apr;98(4):596-9.[Abstract]

58. O'Dwyer PJ, Norrie J, Alani A, et al. Observation or operation for patients with an asymptomatic inguinal hernia: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2006 Aug;244(2):167-73.[Abstract][Full Text]

59. de Goede B, Wijsmuller AR, van Ramshorst GH, et al. Watchful waiting versus surgery of mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic inguinal hernia in men aged 50 years and older: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2018 Jan;267(1):42-9.[Abstract]

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62. Lyu Y, Cheng Y, Wang B, et al. Comparison of endoscopic surgery and Lichtenstein repair for treatment of inguinal hernias: a network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Feb;99(6):e19134.[Abstract][Full Text]

63. Aiolfi A, Cavalli M, Micheletto G, et al. Primary inguinal hernia: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing open, laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal, totally extraperitoneal, and robotic preperitoneal repair. Hernia. 2019 Jun;23(3):473-84.[Abstract][Full Text]

64. Li J, Ji Z, Cheng T. Comparison of open preperitoneal and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Surg. 2012 Nov;204(5):769-78.[Abstract]

65. Sharma P, Boyers D, Scott N, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of open mesh repairs in adults presenting with a clinically diagnosed primary unilateral inguinal hernia who are operated in an elective setting: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Nov;19(92):1-142.[Abstract][Full Text]

66. Sanjay P, Watt DG, Ogston SA, et al. Meta-analysis of Prolene Hernia System mesh versus Lichtenstein mesh in open inguinal hernia repair. Surgeon. 2012 Oct;10(5):283-9.[Abstract]

67. Ishiguro Y, Horie H, Satoh H, et al. Colocutaneous fistula after left inguinal hernia repair using the mesh plug technique. Surgery. 2009 Jan;145(1):120-1.[Abstract]

68. Lockhart K, Dunn D, Teo S, et al. Mesh versus non-mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 13;(9):CD011517.[Abstract][Full Text]

69. Scott N, Go PM, Graham P, et al. Open mesh versus non‐mesh for groin hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(3):CD002197.[Full Text]

70. Prakash D, Heskin L, Doherty S, et al. Local anaesthesia versus spinal anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2017 Feb;15(1):47-57.[Abstract]

71. Li L, Pang Y, Wang Y, et al. Comparison of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia in inguinal hernia repair in adult: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Mar 10;20(1):64.[Abstract][Full Text]

72. Neumayer L, Giobbie-Hurder A, Jonasson O, et al. Open mesh versus laparoscopic mesh repair of inguinal hernia. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 29;350(18):1819-27.[Abstract][Full Text]

73. Haifler M, Benjamin B, Ghinea R, Avital S. The impact of previous laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair on radical prostatectomy. J Endourol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1458-62.[Abstract]

74. McCormack K, Scorr NW, Go PM, et al. EU hernia Trialists Collaboration. Laparoscopic techniques versus open techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD001785.[Abstract][Full Text]

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76. Köckerling F, Stechemesser B, Hukauf M, et al. TEP versus Lichtenstein: Which technique is better for the repair of primary unilateral inguinal hernias in men? Surg Endosc. 2016 Aug;30(8):3304-13.[Abstract][Full Text]

77. Westin L, Wollert S, Ljungdahl M, et al. Less pain 1 year after total extra-peritoneal repair compared with Lichtenstein using local anesthesia: data from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2016 Feb;263(2):240-3.[Abstract]

78. Eklund A, Montgomery A, Bergkvist L, et al. Chronic pain 5 years after randomized comparison of laparoscopic and Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. Br J Surg. 2010 Apr;97(4):600-8.[Abstract]

79. Koning GG, Wetterslev J, van Laarhoven CJ, et al. The totally extraperitoneal method versus Lichtenstein's technique for inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52599.[Abstract][Full Text]

80. Scheuermann U, Niebisch S, Lyros O, et al. Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) versus Lichtenstein operation for primary inguinal hernia repair - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Surg. 2017 May 10;17(1):55.[Abstract][Full Text]

81. O'Reilly EA, Burke JP, O'Connell PR. A meta-analysis of surgical morbidity and recurrence after laparoscopic and open repair of primary unilateral inguinal hernia. Ann Surg. 2012 May;255(5):846-53.[Abstract][Full Text]

82. Köckerling F, Bittner R, Kuthe A, et al. TEP or TAPP for recurrent inguinal hernia repair - register-based comparison of the outcome. Surg Endosc. 2017 Oct;31(10):3872-82.[Abstract][Full Text]

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87. Burgmans JP, Voorbrood CE, Simmermacher RK, et al. Long-term results of a randomized double-blinded prospective trial of a lightweight (Ultrapro) versus a heavyweight mesh (Prolene) in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TULP-trial). Ann Surg. 2016 May;263(5):862-6.[Abstract]

88. Carro JLP, Riu SV, Lojo BR, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing low density versus high density meshes in patients with bilateral inguinal hernia. Am Surg. 2017 Dec 1;83(12):1352-6.[Abstract]

89. Löfgren J, Nordin P, Ibingira C, et al. A randomized trial of low-cost mesh in groin hernia repair. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):146-53.[Abstract][Full Text]

90. Patterson T, Currie P, Patterson S, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the post-operative adverse effects associated with mosquito net mesh in comparison to commercial hernia mesh for inguinal hernia repair in low income countries. Hernia. 2017 Jun;21(3):397-405.[Abstract]

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114. Nikkolo C, Murruste M, Vaasna T, et al. Three-year results of randomised clinical trial comparing lightweight mesh with heavyweight mesh for inguinal hernioplasty. Hernia. 2012 Oct;16(5):555-9.[Abstract]

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126. Schmedt CG, Leibi BJ, Daubler P, et al. Access-related complications - an analysis of 6023 consecutive laparoscopic hernia repairs. J Min Invas Ther Allied Technol. 2001 Jan;10(1):23-9.

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