Highlights & Basics
- An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically presents with an increased level of dyspnea, worsening of chronic cough, and/or an increase in the volume and/or purulence of the sputum produced.
- An exacerbation may represent the first presentation of COPD.
- Treatment includes bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, oxygen, and antibiotics. Some patients with more severe exacerbations may require ventilatory support.
- Antibiotics are reserved for exacerbations thought to be due to bacteria. An increase in sputum purulence, plus an increase in sputum volume, and/or increased dyspnea, indicates a need for antibiotics.
- Treatment may be complicated by the development of hyperglycemia (associated with the use of corticosteroids) and/or diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (associated with the use of antibiotics).
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
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Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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