Highlights & Basics
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema) commonly presents with dry, itchy skin.
- Typically there is erythema, scaling, vesicles, or lichenification in skin flexures.
- Diagnosis is primarily clinical.
- First-line treatment is with emollients and topical corticosteroids.
- Other options that may be used in patients unresponsive to first-line therapy include topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, topical Janus kinase inhibitors, phototherapy, biologic agents, or systemic immunomodulatory agents.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Images
Acute atopic dermatitis in the antecubital fossa of a 9-year-old girl
Lichenification of the popliteal fossa in a child with atopic dermatitis
Chronic dermatitis affecting the palm of a 64-year-old man
Hypopigmentation on the dorsal aspect of the hand in a 12-year-old girl with atopic dermatitis
Papules, lichenification, and hypopigmentation in a child with chronic atopic dermatitis
Hypopigmentation on the flexural skin of the ankles in the same patient
Acute atopic dermatitis on the face of an infant
Citations
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. Jun 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
European Dermatology Forum. Living EuroGuiDerm guideline for the systemic treatment of atopic eczema. Oct 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Feb;90(2):e43-56.[Abstract][Full Text]
Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Jan 11:S0190-9622(23)00004-X.[Abstract][Full Text]
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101. Paller AS, Fölster-Holst R, Chen SC, et al. No evidence of increased cancer incidence in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Aug;83(2):375-81.[Abstract][Full Text]
102. Wu PC, Huang IH, Liu CW, et al. Topical calcineurin inhibitors and risk of lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021 Sep;19(9):1265-9.[Abstract][Full Text]
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