2-amino-5-(diaminomethylidene amino) pentanoic acid

Reported Uses

• NOTE: see Herb & Supplement Effectiveness Rating Definitions table
• altitude sickness prevention [Insufficient Evidence]
• anemia [Insufficient Evidence]
• angina [Possibly Effective]
• anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity [Insufficient Evidence]
• ARDS prevention [Insufficient Evidence]
• asthma [Insufficient Evidence]
• athletic performance [Insufficient Evidence]
• beta-thalassemia [Insufficient Evidence]
• breast CA, adjuvant tx [Insufficient Evidence]
• CABG [Insufficient Evidence]
• CHF [Insufficient Evidence]
• CKD [Possibly Ineffective]
• cognitive impairment [Insufficient Evidence]
• COVID-19 [Insufficient Evidence]
• critical illness (trauma) [Insufficient Evidence]
• cystic fibrosis [Insufficient Evidence]
• dental caries prevention [Insufficient Evidence]
• dental hypersensitivity [Insufficient Evidence]
• diabetes mellitus [Insufficient Evidence]
• diabetic foot ulcers [Insufficient Evidence]
• diabetic neuropathy [Insufficient Evidence]
• erectile dysfxn [Possibly Effective]
• female infertility [Insufficient Evidence]
• head/neck CA [Insufficient Evidence]
• heart failure [Insufficient Evidence]
• heart transplant [Insufficient Evidence]
• HTN [Possibly Effective]
• HTN, pregnancy-induced [Possibly Effective]
• hypercholesterolemia [Possibly Ineffective]
• impaired glucose tolerance [Insufficient Evidence]
• interstitial cystitis [Insufficient Evidence]
• intrauterine growth restriction [Insufficient Evidence]
• male infertility [Insufficient Evidence]
• MELAS syndrome [Insufficient Evidence]
• MI [Possibly Ineffective]
• migraine [Insufficient Evidence]
• muscle wasting, HIV/AIDS-related [Insufficient Evidence]
• muscular dystrophy [Insufficient Evidence]
• necrotizing enterocolitis prevention [Possibly Effective]
• nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine-induced [Insufficient Evidence]
• nitrate tolerance [Insufficient Evidence]
• obesity [Insufficient Evidence]
• oral mucositis [Insufficient Evidence]
• periodontitis [Insufficient Evidence]
• peripheral arterial dz [Possibly Effective]
• physical performance [Insufficient Evidence]
• polycystic ovary syndrome [Insufficient Evidence]
• postop infection [Insufficient Evidence]
• postop recovery [Insufficient Evidence]
• pre-eclampsia [Possibly Effective]
• pressure ulcer [Insufficient Evidence]
• preterm labor prevention [Insufficient Evidence]
• PTCA restenosis prevention [Insufficient Evidence]
• radiation dermatitis [Insufficient Evidence]
• renal transplant [Insufficient Evidence]
• respiratory infections [Insufficient Evidence]
• schizophrenia [Insufficient Evidence]
• sexual dysfxn [Insufficient Evidence]
• sickle cell dz [Insufficient Evidence]
• stress [Insufficient Evidence]
• tuberculosis [Possibly Ineffective]
• valproic acid toxicity [Insufficient Evidence]
• wound healing [Possibly Ineffective]

Reported Doses

Safety/efficacy may not be established; reported doses may be derived from limited or potentially inadequate studies w/ variable regimens, multi-ingredient products, or where concentration of active ingredients may vary widely

Effectiveness Ratings

[see Herb & Supplement Effectiveness Rating Definitions table]

anemia

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1.3 g PO qd; Info: for pts w/ chronic kidney dz

angina

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 2 g PO tid; Alt: 6 g PO qd

ARDS prevention

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 3 g PO qd; Start: 2nd or 3rd trimester; Info: for prevention in infants

athletic performance

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 0.15 g/kg/dose PO x1 given 60-90min before performance; Alt: 1.2-3 g PO qd; 6 g PO qd given 90min before training

beta-thalassemia, peds pts

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 0.1 mg/kg/dose PO qd; Info: for pts 6-18 yo w/ pulmonary HTN

CABG

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 30 g (10% solution) IV x1 during surgery; Alt: 7.5 g injection in 500 mL cardioplegic solution x1

CHF

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 15 g PO qd

cognitive impairment

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1.66 g PO bid

COVID-19

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1.66 g PO bid; Info: used w/ standard tx

dental caries prevention

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: apply 1.5% w/w toothpaste bid-tid

erectile dysfxn

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 2.5-5 mg PO qd; Alt: 0.69-5 g PO qd; 2 g PO tid; Info: commonly used w/ PDE5 inhibitor

female infertility

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 16 g PO qd

heart failure

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1000 mg PO tid

heart transplant

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 6 g PO bid

HTN

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 4-24 g PO qd; Alt: 3 g PO tid

HTN, pregnancy-induced

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 20 g IV qd; Alt: 3 g PO qd

impaired glucose tolerance

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 3.2 g PO bid

interstitial cystitis

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1.5 g PO qd

intrauterine growth restriction

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 3 g PO qd; Info: up to 20 g/day IV has been used; for pregnant women w/ ultrasound-diagnosed intrauterine growth restriction

MELAS syndrome

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 0.5 g/kg/dose IV x1 given w/in 1h of s/sx; Alt: 4-24 g PO qd

muscle wasting, HIV/AIDS-related

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 14 g/day PO divided bid

muscular dystrophy, peds pts

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 2.5 g PO tid; Info: used w/ metformin

necrotizing enterocolitis prevention

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 260 mg/kg/day PO/IV divided qd-bid; Info: used in premature infants

nitrate tolerance

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 700 mg PO qid

obesity

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 3 g PO tid; Alt: 2-6 g PO qd

periodontitis

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1 g PO tid

peripheral arterial dz

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 24 g/day PO divided tid; Alt: 8 g IV bid; 3.3-6.6 g PO qd

polycystic ovary syndrome

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 1600 mg PO qd; Info: used w/ N-acetyl cysteine

pre-eclampsia

[Possibly Effective]

Dose: 30 g IV x1; Alt: 20 g IV qd; 3-6.6 g PO qd

pressure ulcer

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 7.4 g PO qd; Info: used w/ L-glutamine and hydroxymethylbutyrate

preterm labor prevention

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 3-6.6 g PO qd; Start: 2nd or 3rd trimester

PTCA restenosis prevention

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 600 mg/6 mL injection via stent catheter x1

renal transplant

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 0.5 g/kg/h IV x1, then 0.75 g/kg/dose IV qd x3 days; Start: 2h before surgery

sexual dysfxn

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 200 mg PO qd; Alt: 400 mg PO bid

sickle cell dz

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 0.1 g/kg/dose PO/IV tid

stress

[Insufficient Evidence]

Dose: 50 mg PO x1; Info: used w/ L-theanine