Nat Med

GLP-1 receptor agonists: Broad benefits and notable risks

January 23, 2025

Findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment plans when prescribing GLP-1RAs. While the benefits in glycemic control and weight management are clear, consider the potential risks and monitor patients for adverse effects.

Study design: This large cohort study utilized VA databases to compare health outcomes in 215,970 diabetic patients initiating GLP-1 RAs (n = 215,970) against those starting sulfonylureas (n = 159,465), DPP-4 inhibitors (n = 117,989), SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 258,614), and non-GLP-1 RA antihyperglycemics (usual care; n = 1,203,097).

Results: GLP-1 RA use was linked to reduced risks of substance use and psychotic disorders, seizures, neurocognitive disorders (including Alzheimer's and dementia), coagulation disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious illnesses, and several respiratory conditions. However, increased risks were observed for GI disorders, hypotension, syncope, arthritic disorders, nephrolithiasis, interstitial nephritis, and drug-induced pancreatitis.

Source:

Xie Y, et al. (2025, January 20). Nat Med. Mapping the effectiveness and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39833406/