BMJ Open

Multi-cancer early detection test improves patient outcomes, study finds

May 13, 2025

Study details: The study utilized a state-transition model to evaluate the effects of different multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test screening intervals on cancer stage at diagnosis and mortality. Data from a large case-control study and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data for individuals aged 50 to 79 years were incorporated. Screening intervals ranged from 6 months to 3 years, focusing on annual and biennial schedules, and considered two tumor growth rate scenarios: "fast" (two to four years in stage I) and "fast aggressive" (one to two years in stage I).

Results: Annual MCED screening under the fast tumor growth scenario resulted in 370 more cancer signals detected per year per 100,000 people screened, a 49% reduction in late-stage diagnoses, and a 21% reduction in 5-year mortality compared with usual care. Biennial screening showed a similar but less pronounced effect, with 292 more cancer signals detected, a 39% reduction in late-stage diagnoses, and a 17% reduction in 5-year mortality. Annual screening was more effective in preventing deaths within 5 years, while biennial screening had a higher positive predictive value and was more efficient per 100,000 tests.

Clinical impact: Incorporating MCED test screening into usual care at any interval can significantly improve patient outcomes by reducing late-stage cancer diagnoses and mortality. Annual screening offers the greatest overall benefit, but biennial screening may be more efficient in certain contexts.

Source:

Rous B, et al. (2025, May 8). BMJ Open. Assessment of the impact of multi-cancer early detection test screening intervals on late-stage cancer at diagnosis and mortality using a state-transition model. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40341158/