JAMA Ophthalmol

Topical imiquimod shows promise for ocular surface tumors

December 5, 2025

A small case series (N = 5) found that compounded imiquimod 5% ointment applied 5 days per week for 12 to 15 weeks achieved complete or partial responses in all patients with diffuse conjunctival melanoma in situ (MIS) or ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), without serious safety concerns. Mild ocular surface reactions resolved after treatment breaks.

Clinical takeaway: While larger studies are needed, this immune-modulating approach may offer a less toxic alternative for these challenging conditions.

Source:

Bowen RC, Bryar PJ, Gerami P. (2025, November 26). JAMA Ophthalmol. Imiquimod Treatment for Conjunctival Melanoma In Situ or Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296343/